农业生产的特殊性与农业生产组织的选择

在农业生产的纵向一体化演变过程中,专业合作社是取代家庭分立生产的主要模式。农业生产与工业生产相比,它的生物性特质成为影响农业生产组织选择的重要因素。从农业生产的特殊性出发,结合新制度经济学的企业理论,可以解释农业生产组织的演进特征。对我国而言,农户生产的专业化趋向以及土地改革的深化将将有利于农业专业合作社的进一步发展。     

长山群岛海域生物资源承载力评价指标体系研究

近些年,海域生物资源承载力是海岛生态系统可持续发展的基础。本文总结承载力发展的内涵和简史,初步定义了海域生物资源承载力的概念模型。参考海域承载力、海洋生态环境承载力、渔业资源可持续利用和基于P-S-R的指标体系,根据长山群岛的主要生态问题和限制因素,初步建立长山群岛生物资源承载力评价指标体系,探讨了指标体系的进一步筛选方法。     

Cost-efficacy analysis of biological treatments in psoriasis: an 18-month assessment

Summary

This study compared the cost-efficacy of the following approved biological treatment strategies for plaque psoriasis over 18 months: (1) alefacept 15 mg intramuscularly weekly for two 12-week courses; (2) efalizumab 1 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC) weekly; and (3) etanercept 50 mg SC twice weekly for 12 weeks followed by a maintenance dose of 50 mg weekly. Direct utilisation-related costs included drug costs, office fees, injection fees and costs incurred due to adverse events and laboratory monitoring. Efficacy was based on response rates from large-scale clinical trials. At 18 months, total utilisation-related costs for alefacept, efalizumab and etanercept were $26,667, $33,365 and $32,962, respectively. Cost-efficacy, calculated using the corresponding response rates for the three therapies, was comparable ($66,669, $75,828 and $61,041, respectively). Thus, for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis who have responded to therapy, two 12-week courses of alefacept 7 months apart, or weekly maintenance treatment with efalizumab or etanercept, resulted in comparable total cost-efficacy.     

Farmers,Biodiversity and Plant Protection: Developing a Learning Environment for Sustainable Tree Cropping Systems

More diverse, perennial cropping systems often have better natural mechanisms for keeping pests at bay. But while scientists emphasise the broad benefits of conservation in terms of effective ecosystem functioning, farmers are more interested in biodiversity for the provision of food or of services such as shade or windbreaks. Because of their limited knowledge of the role of biodiversity in plant protection, farmers sometimes unconsciously disturb natural regulatory mechanisms. Some citrus farmers in Vietnam introduced sapodilla as an intercrop to diversify their source of income, and because this fruit tree requires little care. However, this apparently worthwhile attempt to combine two valuable crops has misfired. The ecological conditions that traditionally sustained natural pest control in citrus have been disturbed, thus trapping farmers in the pesticide treadmill. The weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina stopped protecting citrus from stinkbugs and leaf-feeding caterpillars after facing competition from the black ant Dolichoderus thoracicus, which favours sapodilla trees as a nesting habitat. To avoid similar scenarios in the future, methods for linking scientific research on ecosystem functions with farmers' own knowledge, experience and priorities are presented. Examples are given of ways in which farmers in perennial cropping systems learn, and how scientists can facilitate this learning process.     

在生物实验教学中渗透心理健康教育

心理问题在中学生群体中普遍存在,并对他们的学习和生活产生很多不良的影响。本文详细讲述了中学生的一些心理问题在中学生物实验中的表现及危害,以及在中学生物实验教学中渗透心理健康教育的重要作用和相关策略。     

Determinants of inward investment in the UK,a panel analysis

This paper develops an inter-industry model of inward investment, using a fixed effects approach. This demonstrates that when inward investment is investigated in such a framework, previous findings, relating to the specification of measures of location advantage and ownership advantages no longer hold. This also shows that there are some industries that have attracted significant inward investment over time, and continue to do so, while others are noticeably less successful. Reasons for this, and potential policy measures are briefly discussed.     

生物制品企业标准成本管理

生物制品企业生产工艺复杂、科学技术含量高、投资风险大、成本波动性亦大，标准成本管理是随着成本管理方法不断适应企业生产发展管理需要而产生的一种成本管理手段．运用标准成本管理理论、方法于生物制品生产工艺指标，探索在生物制品企业推行标准成本管理方法的实践，可为生物制品企业进一步提高和改进成本管理提供有益的借鉴。     

在生物教学中如何提高学生自学能力

在教学过程中加强学生自学能力的培养,将直接关系到生物学科的教学质量,也有利于对学生的创新教育。本文就学生的自学能力培养问题进行了必要的阐述。     

保障人的生存和发展:生物产业发展的基本方向——以转基因生物产业为例

保障和改善民生、促进人的生存和发展是我国经济社会发展转型的出发点.转基因生物产业发展中备受争议的生物安全、人类健康、生态环境和粮食安全等问题与人的生存和发展息息相关.文章认为,转基因生物产业应以保障人的生存和发展为基本发展方向,把人的生存和发展置于首位;发展的重点应集中在技术研发上,优先重点研发和应用“非转基因”的生物技术品种,谨慎推进转基因生物产业商业化,商业化品种应以自主研发品种为主;完善立法、监测、应急体系,最大程度降低转基因生物产业发展带来的风险.     

基于多层次灰色评价模型的生物医药产业集群创新能力实证研究

通过对生物医药产业集群创新能力要素的分析,构建评价指标体系,并运用多层次灰色评价模型,对江苏、广东、上海、河北、山东、浙江、四川、天津等省市的生物医药产业集群创新能力进行实证分析,进而找出阻碍集群创新的相关因素,为生物医药产业集群的健康、持续发展奠定基础。